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Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 have been continuously added to public databases, such as NCBI Virus [4] and GISAID [3]. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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OBJECTIVE: Estimation of the specific thresholds of the Caprini risk score (CRS) that are associated with the increased incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) across different specialties, including identifying the highest level of risk. BACKGROUND: Accurate risk assessment remains an important but often challenging aspect of VTE prophylaxis. One well-established risk assessment model is CRS, which has been validated in thousands of patients from many different medical and surgical specialties. METHODS: A search of MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library was performed in March 2022. Manuscripts that reported on 1) patients admitted to medical or surgical departments and 2) had their VTE risk assessed by CRS and 3) reported on the correlation between the score and VTE incidence, were included in the analysis. RESULTS: A total of 4562 references were identified, and the full text of 202 papers was assessed for eligibility. The correlation between CRS and VTE incidence was reported in 68 studies that enrolled 4,207,895 patients. In all specialties, a significant increase in VTE incidence was observed in patients with a CRS of ≥5. In most specialties thresholds of ≥7, ≥9, and ≥11-12 were associated with dramatically increased incidences of VTE. In COVID-19, cancer, trauma, vascular, general, head and neck, and thoracic surgery patients with ≥9 and ≥11-12 scores the VTE incidence was extremely high (ranging from 13% to 47%). CONCLUSION: The Caprini score is being used increasingly to predict VTE in many medical and surgical specialties. In most cases the VTE risk for individual patients increases dramatically at a threshold CRS of 7-11.
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We present the results from monitoring surface ozone in the atmosphere of Moscow in 2020 and 2021 under lockdown conditions linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. These two years significantly differed in meteorological conditions and the level of anthropogenic environmental load. A level of surface O-3 concentrations, relatively low for a megalopolis, was observed in Moscow in 2020. The annual average concentration was 28 mu g/m(3), and the annual maximal concentration was 185 mu g/m(3). That was due to relatively cool summer with the low content of pollutants in atmospheric air. Intense heat waves were observed in the megalopolis during summer 2021 under the conditions of a blocking anticyclone, when the daytime temperatures rose to 35 & DEG;C. Combined with higher atmospheric air pollution, this resulted in unusually high O-3 concentrations. The annual average concentration was 48 mu g/m(3), and the annual maximal concentration was 482 mu g/m(3).
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Aim: to compare statistical data on the frequency of COVID-19 and deaths from it with the ozone content in the surface atmosphere of Moscow in the summer of 2021. Materials and methods. We used data on the frequency of daily COVID-19 cases and mortality from COVID-19 in Moscow in 2020-2021 published by Rospotrebnadzor. Data on the ozone content in the surface layer of the atmosphere were obtained by an automatic monitoring station using a chemiluminescent analyzer. Results. The waves of high frequency of COVID-19 cases and mortality from COVID-19 in Moscow in the summer of 2021 were compared with abnormally high concentrations of ozone in the surface atmosphere of the megalopolis. Variations of these parameters were found to be markedly correlated. The coefficients of correlation of the COVID-19 cases and mortality with the concentration of ground-level ozone were 0.59 (p < 0.01) and 0.60 (p < 0.01), respectively. Conclusion. The observed noticeable relationship may be due to the combined pathological effect of high concentrations of ozone and the SARS-CoV-2 on the respiratory and circulatory organs, which can lead to both easier transmission of infection and a more severe course of the disease with increased mortality. © 2022 Russian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Coloproctology
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: We present the results from monitoring surface ozone in the atmosphere of Moscow in 2020 and 2021 under lockdown conditions linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. These two years significantly differed in meteorological conditions and the level of anthropogenic environmental load. A level of surface O3 concentrations, relatively low for a megalopolis, was observed in Moscow in 2020. The annual average concentration was 28 μg/m3, and the annual maximal concentration was 185 μg/m3. That was due to relatively cool summer with the low content of pollutants in atmospheric air. Intense heat waves were observed in the megalopolis during summer 2021 under the conditions of a blocking anticyclone, when the daytime temperatures rose to 35°C. Combined with higher atmospheric air pollution, this resulted in unusually high O3 concentrations. The annual average concentration was 48 μg/m3, and the annual maximal concentration was 482 μg/m3. © 2022, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
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Background: Novel SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients admitted to the hospital. Standard prophylactic anticoagulation is required for all inpatients. However, the effect of escalated anticoagulation on VTE, bleeding, and all-cause mortality is controversial. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of increased doses of anticoagulants in comparison with standard doses in inpatients with COVID-19. Method(s): A systematic review was carried out in October 2021 using the Pubmed database. The analysis included only randomized clinical trials with >=200 participants that reported the rate of death as the total number of cases or the percentage of patients. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality within the observational period. Additionally, the risk of arterial and venous thrombotic events, major and clinically relevant non-major bleeding was assessed. Result(s): Searching of Pubmed identified 8903 references. Of those in the final qualitative analysis and quantitative synthesis were included the results of 6 randomized clinical trials combined 5228 patients. Among all patients, 2660 received increased and 2568 standard doses of anticoagulants. The follow-up period varied from 21 to 30 days. The administration of increased doses did not affect the risk of death (OR, 0.95;95% CI, 0.73-1.24;I2 = 59.14%), was associated with a reduced risk of thrombotic events (OR, 0.56;95% CI, 0.43-0.73;I2 = 24.90%), and increased risk of major bleeding (OR, 1.86;95% CI, 1.23-2.80;I2 = 0.00%) or clinically relevant non-major bleeding (OR, 3.66;95%CI, 1.65- 8.10;I2 = 0.00%). Within the sensitivity analysis, similar results were obtained in the subgroups of critically ill or stable patients and individuals with increased D-dimer. The maximal reduction in the risk of thrombotic events was found for the subgroup of patients with increased D-dimer (OR, 0.48;95% CI, 0.34-0.70;I2 = 36.38%). Conclusion(s): The use of increased doses of anticoagulants in inpatients with COVID-19 does not reduce the risk of death. Still, it is associated with a decrease in the risk of arterial and venous thrombosis and increased risk of major bleeding.
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The main indicator characterizing the occupational risk of health disorders is occupational morbidity, which directly depends on working conditions. In this regard, it is necessary to study working conditions, the peculiarities of the formation of occupational diseases at enterprises of various sectors of the economy of the Republic of Bashkortostan with the subsequent development and implementation of targeted measures to create safe working conditions and preserve the health of workers. The study aims to consider working conditions, dynamics, and structure of occupational morbidity among employees of enterprises in various sectors of the economy. The scientists carried out socio-hygienic studies on the working conditions occupational morbidity in the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2015–2020 based on official state statistics, reporting forms, and analytical materials. We have found that the employees of enterprises engaged in mining and manufacturing have the highest risk of health disorders. In the structure of occupational diseases in workers of the main sectors of the economy in 2015–2019, conditions from the effects of physical overload and overstrain of individual organs and systems prevailed. In 2020, due to a new coronavirus infection, occupational diseases had acute forms mainly caused by a biological factor in medical workers. The obtained results can serve as a basis for the development of measures aimed at creating safe working conditions, preventing the development of occupational diseases, and preserving the health of employees in enterprises of the various economic sectors. © 2022, Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Medicine. All rights reserved.
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We present information on ozone concentration in the surface air layer in the second half of 2020. Data were obtained at 13 stations located in different regions of Russia. We estimated the excess over hygienic standards of the Russian Federation, both in the second half of the year and throughout 2020. It is shown that the daily average maximum permissible concentration of ozone is regularly exceeded at all stations. There are cases of exceeding the one-time maximum permissible concentration.
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Introduction. World Health Organization announced that COVID-19 was a “public health emergency”. The number of patients with COVID-19 and deaths from this disease are increasing every day, so the issue of diagnosis and treatment of this serious pathology remains relevant. Goal. To identify the key lung lesion patterns in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection during digital radiological examination. To identify its capabilities in assessing the prevalence and dynamics of radiological manifestations of lung damage. Material and methods. The analysis of data of radiological examination of 1, 075 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in moderate and severe conditions, who were treated in MNPE KRC “Regional Clinical Specialized Dispensary for Radiation Protection” in the period from June to November 2020 has been carried out. All the patients were given digital radiography at the time of treatment. To assess the dynamics the control examination depending on the clinical manifestations was held. The images were evaluated by two independent radiologists. Pathological changes manifested in the form of matte, consolidation of parenchyma and reticular pattern. Results. The majority of the total number of the surveyed patients falls on the age group between 50 and 75 years old - 789 patients (73.4%). The most common pattern of lung lesion on the primary radiograph is a GGO symptom (82.7%), and in control examination there was an increase in the frequency of consolidation (53.4%), and then - fibrous changes of varying severity (62.5%). Bilateral lesion was detected in 74.8% of cases. Middle-lower and lower lobes of the lungs were more often affected. Conclusions. OCC CT should be used to detect pathological changes in COVID-19 in the early stages, and digital radiography can identify characteristic signs of lung lesion in inpatients with moderate to severe Coronavirus disease and is sufficient to assess the dynamics of the pathological process. Digital radiography method should be included in the examination protocol of patients in moderate and severe conditions in the hospital due to the impossibility or difficulty of their transportation. If repeated examination in such patients is necessary much higher dose load on CT compared to digital radiography should be taken into account. © Spuziak R. M., Ulko R. V., Maksimishyn O. V., Stepanov E. P., 2021.
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Anomalously low ozone concentrations in the surface atmosphere in central Russia were recorded in spring of 2020. The increase in the ozone content usual for spring due to a seasonal increase in the temperature and light was followed by a monotonic decrease. The maximum daily values of surface ozone concentrations averaged over the month in April 2020 were three times less than the values recorded at the same time in 2019. Both a decrease in regional background ozone concentrations in the near-surface atmosphere and a decrease in the intensity of its photochemical formation were observed. The most probable cause of the observed phenomenon is a decrease in combustion product emissions into the atmosphere in China, Europe, and Russia due to the introduction of special regimes in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic.